The answer to this question is a bit of a double-edged sword, because the answer is no, but also yes.
There are parts of any PC that can be built with ‘futureproofing’ in mind, but other parts are much harder to predict.
Let's break this down.
The case
This is one of the obvious places where you can build futureproofing into a PC. There is one caveat though: GPU length. Some cases are big enough that you wouldn't have to worry about GPU length ever again, but they are also utterly massive and might not be something you want to have sitting next to you. Personally I use a Hyte Y70 for my personal build and this isn't a huge case but it's also not small. And this case is something that can certainly be considered ‘future proof’. I think most cases are now leaning towards being a little larger because of the range of GPUs that might be put into them. For instance, the Aerocool D520A Mid Tower Case we use for the Drive is something that can certainly take a bigger GPU in the future if needed.
So if you're building a system, get a case that you love and that has the ability to fit the components you need today and potentially in the future. A case is something you look at every time you sit down to game, and it can move forward with you for many, many years.
But that's not all. The next is the power supply.
This is another part that can move on with you for a long time if you spec out the part correctly. I currently use a 1200W PSU, and I chose it specifically so that it can move forward with me through many more builds over time.
Next, what else can we look at to ‘futureproof’?
Clearly this would be two parts: RAM and the CPU cooler.
RAM is easy because DDR5 is the current standard and most modern platforms are already using it, so this is something that can move forward with you over time. In terms of longevity, while DDR5 is fairly new, DDR4 was the standard for around 12 years and DDR3 for around seven years. So DDR5 could give you many years of longevity if its timeline is comparable to DDR3 and DDR4.
The CPU cooler is another component where the longevity seems to be never-ending. For example, Noctua will supply you new mounting hardware for their coolers. So this has meant that for decades now you have been able to use their coolers across new socket types. The only thing to watch out for is how much heat the cooler can handle. However, if your cooler can handle the power produced by the CPU then the cooler can last for a very long time.
Next is the motherboard and processor.
If you're building for the future, this would put AMD in the lead. On average, most Intel motherboards support around two generations of CPU, which works out at roughly two years, whereas AMD's last socket, AM4, lasted for around 10 years in active use before being replaced by AM5.
So for me the answer to building longevity in the motherboard and CPU option would be to go with AMD. What I would say here is that I'm talking in terms of pure gaming longevity. Realistically, ANY modern CPU can game, but some do it better than others. And what if you're not gaming? An Intel system may well be the better option for what you want to do, but you'll still be bound by the generally shorter lifespan of Intel's sockets.
THE GPU
The hardest part of futureproofing is the GPU.
Buying a certain card today doesn't mean you can't upgrade tomorrow if you wanted to. So in terms of GPU, I will always recommend the best card that makes sense for you at the time you're building your system. A GPU from the newest ranges from NVIDIA and AMD should give you plenty of longevity, allowing you to play the games you want today and for years to come.
So, can you build a system today that is future proof? Yes.
Should you build a system entirely around the future? No.
Plan for the things you want to do today. Stop worrying about hypothetical games from the future and just enjoy the games you're playing now.
I think we all spend too much time looking at the ‘better’ parts. But are they better? Possibly. But will they make a difference to YOUR experience? Probably not.